Convert text to UTF-8 byte representation in hex, decimal, binary, or percent-encoded format. Decode UTF-8 byte sequences back to readable text. See character count, byte count, and encoding details.
UTF-8 is the dominant character encoding for the web, used by over 98% of websites. It encodes each Unicode code point into one to four bytes, making it backward-compatible with ASCII while supporting every character in the Unicode standard — including emoji, CJK characters, and mathematical symbols.
ASCII characters (U+0000 to U+007F) use a single byte, identical to their ASCII values. Characters outside this range use 2-4 bytes, with leading bits indicating the byte count. This variable-length encoding keeps English text compact while supporting all world scripts.
Unicode is a character set that assigns a unique number (code point) to every character. UTF-8 is an encoding that defines how those code points are stored as bytes. Unicode defines what characters exist; UTF-8 defines how to represent them in binary.
UTF-8 uses variable-length encoding for efficiency. ASCII characters (the most common in English) use just 1 byte, keeping text compact. Less common characters use 2-4 bytes. This design makes UTF-8 backward-compatible with ASCII while supporting all Unicode characters.
Look at the byte patterns: UTF-8 multi-byte sequences always start with specific bit patterns (110, 1110, or 11110) followed by continuation bytes starting with 10. If the bytes follow these patterns, the text is likely UTF-8. Invalid sequences indicate a different encoding.
Mojibake occurs when text encoded in one format (e.g., UTF-8) is decoded using a different format (e.g., Latin-1). To fix it, identify the original encoding by examining the byte sequence, then decode with the correct encoding. This tool helps you inspect bytes to diagnose encoding issues.
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